Frozen embryo transfer (FET) is a procedure within the realm of assisted reproductive technology (ART) that involves thawing and transferring previously cryopreserved embryos into the uterus of the intended parent or a gestational carrier.
These embryos are typically created through IVF and cryopreserved for future use, offering individuals and couples flexibility in family planning.
The FET Process:
- Consultation: The FET process begins with a consultation with your fertility specialist to review your medical history, assess your fertility status, and discuss your treatment goals.
- Hormonal Evaluation: Hormonal evaluations and diagnostic tests may be conducted to ensure optimal uterine receptivity and overall reproductive health.
- Cycle Synchronization: Your menstrual cycle may be synchronized with the embryo transfer cycle through hormonal medications, allowing for precise timing of the FET procedure.
- Thawing Protocol: Prior to the scheduled transfer date, the cryopreserved embryos are thawed using specialized techniques to ensure their viability and integrity.
- Embryo Assessment: Thawed embryos undergo assessment to determine their quality and viability before transfer. This evaluation helps optimize the chances of successful implantation and pregnancy.
- Hormonal Supplementation: Hormonal medications, such as estrogen and progesterone, are often prescribed to prepare the uterine lining for embryo implantation. These medications mimic the natural hormonal changes of the menstrual cycle, promoting optimal endometrial receptivity.
- Monitoring: Throughout the preparation phase, uterine lining thickness and hormone levels are monitored through blood tests and ultrasound examinations to ensure ideal conditions for embryo implantation.
- Procedure: On the scheduled transfer day, the thawed embryos are transferred into the uterus via a thin catheter inserted through the cervix. The procedure is typically painless and does not require anesthesia.
- Number of Embryos: The number of embryos transferred depends on factors such as embryo quality, patient age, and previous IVF outcomes. We will discuss the appropriate number of embryos to transfer based on your individual circumstances, we follow the ASRM Embryo Transfer Guidelines.
- Rest and Recovery: Following the embryo transfer, you may be advised to rest for a brief period before resuming normal activities. While bed rest is not typically required, avoiding strenuous exercise and heavy lifting is often recommended.
- Progesterone Supplementation: Progesterone supplementation will continue post-transfer to support the uterine lining and early pregnancy until the placenta assumes hormone production between 10-12 weeks of pregnancy.
- Pregnancy Testing: Approximately two weeks after the embryo transfer, a blood test may be performed to assess pregnancy hormone levels (hCG). Subsequent ultrasound examinations may be scheduled to monitor fetal development and confirm pregnancy viability.